DownloadDevelopment Team
When Apple dropped support for Atom processors in OS X 10.6.2, effectively killing Hackintosh netbooks, we knew that somebody would fix things. We didn’t know that it would happen so fast. Mac OS X 10.6.2 can be downloaded from the Apple site, or installed using the operating system's integrated update service. Included in the update are patches for 58 separate security vulnerabilities.
*Windows*: Joe Olivas, Timo Kleimola, Mark Price, Timothy McKay
*MacOS*: Patrick KonsorPrevious Contributors
*Windows*: Seung-Woo Kim, Karthik Krishnan, Vardhan Dugar, Joseph Jin-Sung Lee, Jun De VegaIntroduction
Intel® Power Gadget is a software-based power usage monitoring tool enabled for Intel® Core™ processors (from 2nd Generation up to 10th Generation Intel® Core™ processors). Intel® Atom™ processors are not supported. It is supported on Windows* and macOS* and includes an application, driver, and libraries to monitor and estimate real-time processor package power information in watts using the energy counters in the processor. With this release, we are providing functionality to evaluate power information on various platforms including notebooks, desktops and servers. Windows 7* and 32-bit versions of the Intel® Power Gadget for Windows* has ceased development from 3.0.7. Starting with version 3.5 and going forward, only the 64-bit version and Windows 8* will be supported.Background
Traditional methods to estimate power/energy usage of the processor has always been a cumbersome task that included special purpose tools or instrumentation on the platform along with third party equipment. The motivation for the tool was to assist end-users, ISV’s, OEM’s, developers, and others interested in a more precise estimation of power from a software level without any H/W instrumentation.New Features
In version 3.0 there are additional features that include estimation of power on multi-socket systems as well as externally callable APIs to extract power information within sections of code. The multi-socket support essentially evaluates the Energy MSR on a per-socket basis and provides an estimate of power draw per socket. The API layer is a set of libraries and dlls that can be called and offers the flexibility to build the tool within code sections of an application. Latest release also includes support for Windows 10*.Brief Description (Windows*)
Intel® Power Gadget 3.5 consists of the following components. Set of driver and libraries which access and post process the processor energy counter to calculate the power usage in Watts, temperate in Celsius and frequency in GHz (default install directory will be ~Program FilesIntelPower Gadget 3.5). A command line version of the tool (PowerLog3.0.exe) is also includedSystem Requirements (Windows*)
*Windows 8*
*Windows 10*
*Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012
*Microsoft .NET* Framework 4
*Microsoft Visual C++ 2017 Redistributable package
*2nd Generation Intel® Core™ Processor or later, older processors not supported
*Single socket
*Multi-socketSystem Requirements (MacOS*)
*macOS* 10.11 or later
*2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processor or laterKnown Limitations / Issues
*Graphs will not appear if your processor does not have the appropriate hardware counters
*Discrete graphics cards are not supported and GPU graphs will not appear unless Intel graphics is in use
*Windows 7* supported builds are below in the Archive sectionInstallation / Setup (Windows*)
*Run the msi package as an administrator. Accept the UAC, if one appears
*Follow the installer prompt instructions to complete installation
*.Net Framework 4 (will automatically be downloaded from Microsoft* site if not yet installed in your system) needs Internet connection
*Microsoft* Visual C++ 2017 Redistributable Package (will automatically get installed if not yet installed)Installation / Setup (macOS*)
*Double click the downloaded DMG (Intel Power Gadget.dmg)
*Double click the package (Install Intel Power Gadget.pkg)
*Follow the installer prompt instructions to complete installation
On recent macOS versions, after installation users need to explicitly allow the Power Gadget driver to load:
*Open System Preferences, and click on 'Security and Privacy'
*Click the lock at the bottom of the page to unlock changes
*Click 'Allow' to allow system software from Intel Corporation:
*Restart your computer to apply the changes
On macOS Catalina (10.15), users may need to perform additional steps to enable the Power Gadget driver to automatically load (this is due to a bug in macOS).
*Open the Terminal application
*Enter the following command, and press Enter (requires a password to complete):
*Restart your computer to apply the changesUsages (Windows*)
Common use of Intel® Power Gadget is to monitor energy usage of the processor
*Provides processor power (Watts), temperature (Celsius) and frequency (MHz) in real-time via graph displayed in the GUI
*Let you log the power and frequency measurements and save it in a csv format.
*Double click on the desktop shortcut and the GUI will launch
*Drag to move the GUI.
*Right click the GUI and a pop-up menu will show up allowing you to choose options or close the application. Options have the following parameters. Click “Start Log” button in the GUI to start logging. Press the same button “Stop Log” to stop logging. While it’s logging, red label “REC” will blink in the power chart area.
*You can choose to add time-stamp to the log file name or not.
*You can choose the log file name.
*You can choose to resize the GUI from 100% to 300% by dragging the slider and testing the new size with the “Apply Size” button and accept the changes by pressing “Ok”.
*Screen Update Resolution lets you change how often the GUI is updated at runtime. This may range from 50 ms to 1000 ms. (Default set to 1000 ms)
*Log Sampling Resolution lets you change the logging sampling resolution ranging from 1 ms to 1000 ms. (Default set to 100 ms)
*In a multi-socket system, you can choose which package information to display in the GUI. The log will record all package information in a csv file.
*Click 'Start Log' button in the GUI to start logging. Press the same button 'Stop Log' to stop logging. While it's logging, red label 'REC' will blink in the power chart areaUsing Intel® Power Gadget 3.0 in a script
In order to start and stop the logging in a script, first launch the GUI as usual.
*At the beginning of the script, call 'IntelPowerGadget.exe -start' and it will trigger the logging in the GUI.
*At the end of the script, call “IntelPowerGadget.exe -stop” and it will stop the logging.
The parameters for the log are based on the options set in the GUI.PowerLog3.0
PowerLog3.0.exe is the command line version of Intel® Power Gadget in logging power usage
Usage:
*Log power data to logfile for a period of time:
*Start a command a log power data to logfile until the command finish:Logfile data
Logfile will include the elapsed timed, package power limit, processor frequency, GT frequency, processor temperature, average and cumulative power of the processor
*Processor Energy (Total energy of the processor) = IA Energy + GT Energy (if applicable) + Others (not measured)
*IA Energy (Energy of the CPU/processor cores)
*GT Energy (Energy of the processor graphics) – If applicable , some processors for desktops and servers don’t have it or may have use discrete graphics
Only works on 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processor family or newer. Atom processors not yet supported.
Use only 32-bit installer for 32-bit OS and 64-bit installer for 64-bit OS
Application may hang after running for a long period of time (just close and restart application)
Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order.
This document contains information on products in the design phase of development.
All products, platforms, dates, and figures specified are preliminary based on current expectations, and are subject to change without notice. All dates specified are target dates, are provided for planning purposes only and are subject to change.
This document contains information on products in the design phase of development. Do not finalize a design with this information. Revised information will be published when the product is available. Verify with your local sales office that you have the latest datasheet before finalizing a design.
Code names featured are used internally within Intel to identify products that are in development and not yet publicly announced for release. Customers, licensees and other third parties are not authorized by Intel to use code names in advertising, promotion or marketing of any product or services and any such use of Intel's internal code names is at the sole risk of the user.
Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Copyright © 2019, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Intel® Power Gadget also provides a C/C++ Application Programming Interface (API) for accessing this power and frequency data in your program; the API is supported on Windows and Mac OS X. For more information on the API's, see:
For Mac Using the Intel® Power Gadget API on Mac OS X
For Windows Using the Intel® Power Gadget API on Windows
End User License Agreement included in Windows* downloadNotices
INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.
UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED IN WRITING BY INTEL, THE INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED NOR INTENDED FOR ANY APPLICATION IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE INTEL PRODUCT COULD CREATE A SITUATION WHERE PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH MAY OCCUR.
Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked 'reserved' or 'undefined.' Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information.
The products described in this document may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Jump to: navigation, search
This page is a list of patched kernels for OS X. You are encouraged to add any missing information to help make this list complete! Please only add kernel-CPU combinations you or someone else have tested; don't just add a a CPU or kernel because it exists.
Two types of patches exist: binary and source. A binary patch (binpatch) is used when the target CPU is completely compatible with the stock mach_kernel, but its CPUID is not whitelisted (i.e. Intel Atom). Source patches are used for CPUs such as AMD, legacy Intel, or VIA that differ significantly from supported CPUs—these might need instruction set emulators, for example. Certain Apple programs do not work correctly with source patched kernels.[clarify]
*1AMD and Legacy Intel[edit]AMD and Legacy Intel[edit]macOS 11.0 Big SurMac Os X Intel Atom N270 Patches XNU Version BootloaderRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs AMD Vanilla [1]20.0.0 - 20.0.0OpenCoreExperimental PatchesAll 15h/16h and 17h CPUs[edit]macOS 10.15 Catalina Patches XNU Version BootloaderRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs AMD Vanilla [2]19.0.0 - 19.5.0OpenCoreAll 15h/16h and 17h CPUs[edit]macOS 10.14 Mojave Patches XNU Version BootloaderRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs AMD Vanilla [3]18.0.0 - 18.7.0OpenCoreNo OPEMU (No 32bit App Support)All 15h/16h and 17h CPUs[edit]macOS 10.13 High Sierra Patches XNU Version BootloaderRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs AMD Vanilla [4]17.0.0 - 17.7.0OpenCoreNo OPEMU (No 32bit App Support)All 15h/16h and 17h CPUs[edit]macOS 10.12 Sierra Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs Bronya All_AMD_10.12_BETA [5]16.0.0 Bronya kernel 10.12.1 [6]16.1.0Shaneee Kernel 10.12.1 [7]16.1.0 Only working on CPUs with SSE4.1 / 4.2Shaneee 10.12.2 Kernel [8]16.3.0 Only working on CPUs with SSE4.1 / 4.2Shaneee 10.12.4 Kernel [9]16.5.0 Only working on CPUs with SSE4.1 / 4.2front usb 3.0 plug then sometimes randomly reboot[edit]OS X 10.11 El Capitan Mac Os Intel Wifi Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs y2k4u 10.11.0 R2 [10] 15.0.0 SSSE3 N/A FX Graphical Bug
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* All AMD CPU SSE3Plus [11] 15.0.0 SSSE3 N/A FX Graphical Bug
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* Athlon II X2 Bronya 10.11.0 RC1 [12] 15.0.0 SSSE3 N/A FX Graphical Bug
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* All AMD CPU Shaneee 10.11 RC1 [13] 15.2.0 SSSE3 N/A FX Graphical Bug
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* Works on all AMD CPUs Shaneee 10.11.x RC1 [14] 15.2.0 SSSE3*Optional*-emulateintel FX Graphical Bug
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* Works on all AMD CPUs[edit]OS X 10.10 Yosemite Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs Bronya 10.10.3 rc1 Kernel [15] 14.3.0 SSSE3 N/A Update 10.10.5 is still not working. Stay on 10.10.4 for now.
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Paxville Xeon Tora Chi Yo (虎千代) 10.10-SSSEPlusRev6 AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10 - 10.10.1 10.10_SSEPlus_Rev.6 14.0.0 SSSE3 N/A
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia: Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Pentium 虎千代 1010-SSSE3-FIX-rev.1 AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10.0 [ download ] 14.0.0 ? N/A
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Paxville Xeon Duran BSA_RC2 AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10.0 [ download ] 14.0.0 ? N/AApp store and safari issues - Patch found here: [ download ]
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Paxville Xeon Spakk BSA_RC1 AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10.0 [ download ] 14.0.0 ? N/AApp store and safari issues
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Paxville Xeon Bronya RC2 AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10.0 [ download ] 14.0.0 ? N/AApp store and safari issues
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Paxville Xeon Bronya RC1 AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10.0 [ download ] 14.0.0 ? N/AApp store and safari issues - Patch found here: [ download ]
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD CPU
* Intel Paxville Xeon takiguru AMD Kernel For Yosemite 10.10.0 [ download ] 14.0.0 ? N/A
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD FX[edit]OS X 10.9 Mavericks Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs AMD 10.9.5 kernel [ download ] 13.4.0 ? N/A
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD FX
* AMD FX - 8100
* Few AMD APUs
* AMD A10-4600M
* AMD Athlon II Dual-Core M320
* Intel Paxville Xeon DP AMD 10.9.4 kernel [ download ] 13.3.0 ? arch=x86_64
* ATI:Yes
* Nvidia:Yes
* All AMD Phenom II Series (x64)
* All AMD Athlon Series (x64)
* AMD FX - 8120
* AMD FX - 8320
* AMD FX - 8350
* AMD FX - 6300 Bronzovka's (A.K.A. Bronyas) 10.9.0 mach_kernel_rc7 [16][17] 13.0.0 ? -cpufamily
* nVidia: Yes [18]
* ATI: Yes
* AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 250
* AMD Opteron™ Processor 3350 HE
* AMD FX-8320
* AMD FX-8350
* AMD FX-8150
* AMD Athlon™ X2 340
* AMD Phenom II X4 955 [Black Edition]
*AMD Phenom II X6 1055T
* Intel Paxville Xeon DP
* AMD A8-4500m APU
* Others AnV 10.9.0 kernel [19] 13.0.0 SSSE3 N/A
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* AMD Athlon II X2 215
* AMD PHENOM II
* AMD PHENOM X3
* AMD FX
* AMD Athlon II Neo K325 Dual-core
* AMD Athlon 64 X2 5200+ Dual Core[edit]OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs Non-Working CPUs Bronya Fully working Kernel [20] 12.5.0
* SSSE3
* None
* All graphics issues are gone. - Sapphire Radeon 7950 Vapor-X gets white screen instead of login screen (fixable via FB rotate as login item).
* Cerficified dont work to Origin, Chrome, etc.
* nVidia: Working
* ATI: Working
* FX-6100
* FX-8120
* Athlon II x2
* A8-5600K
* Intel Paxville Xeon DP
* Many more Sinetek test 1 [21] ?
* None
* None
* nVidia: No
* ATI: Buggy.
* FX-8350
* FX-8120
* Any CPU that doesn't support SSSE3. AnV's amd_kernel [22] 12.2
* SSE3
* SSSE3
*None
* Only works with FX CPUs when the Clover Bootloader is used.
* nVidia: No
* ATI: Buggy.
* Athlon II x2, x3, x4
* Phenom II x4, x6
* AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+
* AMD A6-4400M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics Sinetek's mach_sse42_only [23] 12.2
*SSSE3
*Kernel Flags
*-nossse3bit
* Kernel Extentions
* AnV's patched corecrypto.kext [24]
* nVidia: No
* ATI: Buggy.
* Athlon II x4
* Phenom II x4 Sinetek's other test kernels [25][26] 12.2, 12.0
*Varies
*Kernel Flags
* varies
* Kernel Extentions
* AnV's patched corecrypto.kext [27] If tests have been made with these kernels, they have not been disclosed. Please give it its own entry in this table if you find one of them to work. Sinetek's FX Fixed [28] 12.2
*None
*Kernel Flags
*arch=x86_64
* nVidia: No
* ATI: Buggy.
* FX Series
* APU A4-4300M
* Any CPU that doesn't support SSSE3. Sinetek DP1 Kernel [29] DP1
* SSSE3
* SSE3
* None
* nVidia: ?
* ATI: All issues seem to be gone?
* FX-6100
* FX-8120
* Athlon II x2[edit]Mac OS X 10.7 Lion Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs (32-bit) Working CPUs (64-bit) Non-Working CPUs Bronzovka 10.7.4 kernel [30][31] 11.4
* Unknown The kernel flag arch=i386 will enable this kernel to run in 32-bit kernel space with 64-bit user land and apps. In 32-bit kernel space, the graphics issues will disappear. This kernel will also run in full 64-bit mode (arch=x86_64).
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* Athlon II x4
* Phenom II x4
* Athlon 64 x2 QL-65[tsc_init: EFI not supported!] Bronzovka 10.7.5 kernel [32][33] 11.4.2
* Unknown The kernel flag arch=i386 will enable this kernel to run in 32-bit kernel space with 64-bit user land and apps. In 32-bit kernel space, the graphics issues will disappear. This kernel will also run in full 64-bit mode with the kernel flag arch=x86_64.
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
*FX-4170
* FX-8350
* Athlon 64 x2 QL-65[Does not work very well.]
* Intel Paxville Xeon DP
* Intel Pentium D930 IiTz ShAnE 10.7.4 kernel [34] 11.4
*SSSE3
*Kernel Flags
*-nossse3bit
*nVidia: No
*ATI: Buggy
* Athlon II x2, x4
* Phenom II x4, x6
* Athlon 64 x2 QL-65[[35]]
* FX-8120 (instant reboot) connactic [36] 11.4.2
*SSE3
* Kernel Flags
* arch=i386 -legacy (not needed for Bulldozer)
* 32-bit Finder [37]
* Xpchelper fix [38] This kernel will run in 32-bit mode on many SSSE3-less CPUs. FX-series CPUs work with the kernel flag arch=x86_64.
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* Athlon II x4
* FX-8350 (GPU issues?[39])
* AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+
* Athlon 64 x2 QL-65[Does not work very well.]
* Bulldozer R:A:W:X86 10.7.4 kernel [40] 11.4.0
*SSE3
* Kernel Flags
* arch=i386 -legacy (not needed for Bulldozer)
* 32-bit Finder [41]
* Xpchelper fix [42] This kernel will run in 32-bit mode on many SSSE3-less CPUs. FX-Series CPUs work with the kernel flag arch=x86_64.
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* Athlon II x4
* Phenom II x4
* AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+
* FX-4100
* FX-8120 bronzovkAnVoodoo [43] 11.4.0 Bronzovka's Original Kernels 10.7.310.7.4 11.3.0 11.4.0[edit]Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs (32-bit) Working CPUs (64-bit) Non-Working CPUs Nawcom's 10.6.8 Legacy Kernel [44] 10.8
* SSE3 This kernel works on many CPUs. The kernel flags -force64 arch=i386 are useful on AMD CPUs where 32-bit kernel space and 64-bit user land is wanted.
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* Atom
* Pentium M (Banias & Dothan)
* Celeron M
* Pentium 4 HT (Prescott)
* Athlon II x2, x4
* Mobile Athlon 64 x2 (cpus=1)
* AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+
* AMD Athlon 64 X2 5200+
* AMD Athlon 64 4000+
* AMD Athlon 64 LE-1640
* Phenom II x4, x6
* Pentium D 3.4 GHz
* Irwindale Xeon DP 2.8 to 3.8GHz
* Paxville dual-core Xeon DP 2.8GHz
* Many, many more AnV's 10.6.8 Legacy Kernel [45] 10.8
* SSE3 This kernel works on many CPUs. The kernel flags -force64 arch=i386 are useful on AMD CPUs where 32-bit kernel space and 64-bit user land is wanted.
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* Pentium M 1.8 GHz
* Athlon II x4
* Phenom II x4
* AMD Athlon 64 4000+
* FX-8350 Sinetek 10.6.8 full 64-bit kernel [46] 10.8
*SSSE3 At the time of this writing, this is the only 64-bit kernel space kernel for Snow Leopard on AMD CPUs.
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* N/A
* Athlon II x4
* Phenom II x4
* FX 8350 A Collection of Nawcom's Legacy Kernels [47] 10.0, 10.2-10.7
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes Modbin 10.6.0 kernel [48] 10.0
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes
* Turion X2Mac Os X Intel Atom[edit]Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard Kernel XNU Version EmulatorsRequired Patches/Kernel Flags Notes/Issues QE/CI Working Working CPUs (32-bit) Working CPUs (64-bit) Non-Working CPUs Qoopz 10.5.8 Kernel [49] 9.8
* SSE3
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes Voodoo 10.5.5 Kernel [50] 9.5
* SSE3
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes Voodoo 10.5.7 Kernel [51] 9.7 Intel only!
* nVidia: Yes
* ATI: Yes Retrieved from 'http://wiki.osx86project.org/wiki/index.php?title=Patched_Kernels&oldid=72344' This page was last modified on 7 July 2020, at 19:07. This page has been accessed 653,400 times.
